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भारत — युगों से आज तक

Learn India from the deep past to today — a navigable timeline. The ancient, medieval and early-modern ages as rich civilisational digests, then modern India year by year: each an exam-ready summary of polity, economy, society, religion, art, science and the world.

प्राचीन भारत

लगभग 5,00,000 – 3300 ईसा पूर्व प्रागैतिहासिक भारत: पाषाण युग निम्न पुरापाषाण शिकारी-संग्राहकों और भीमबेटका शैलाश्रयों से नवपाषाण कृषि और पहले गाँवों तक। लगभग 3300 – 1300 ईसा पूर्व सिंधु घाटी (हड़प्पा) सभ्यता दक्षिण एशिया के पहले नगर — सुनियोजित जल-निकासी, विशाल स्नानागार, मुहरें व व्यापार; हड़प्पा-मोहनजोदड़ो से धोलावीरा तक। लगभग 1500 – 600 ईसा पूर्व वैदिक युग ऋग्वेद से उत्तर-वैदिक ग्रंथों तक — आर्य बसावट, वर्ण का उदय, राजतंत्र, और उपनिषदों का दर्शन। लगभग 600 – 325 ईसा पूर्व महाजनपद, बौद्ध व जैन धर्म द्वितीय नगरीकरण — सोलह महाजनपद, मगध का उदय, और बुद्ध व महावीर के नए मार्ग। 322 – 185 ईसा पूर्व मौर्य साम्राज्य भारत का पहला विशाल साम्राज्य — चंद्रगुप्त व कौटिल्य की राज्यकला, और कलिंग-युद्ध के बाद अशोक का धम्म। लगभग 200 ईसा पूर्व – 300 ईस्वी मौर्योत्तर भारत व संगम युग शुंग व सातवाहन, हिंद-यवन और कुषाण कनिष्क, गांधार–मथुरा कला, और तमिल संगम का दक्षिण। लगभग 319 – 550 ईस्वी गुप्त साम्राज्य व शास्त्रीय युग 'स्वर्ण युग' — समुद्रगुप्त व विक्रमादित्य, आर्यभट व शून्य, कालिदास, और नालंदा का ज्ञान। लगभग 550 – 750 ईस्वी हर्ष व क्षेत्रीय राज्यों का युग हर्षवर्धन का उत्तर, दक्षिण में चालुक्य व पल्लव का संघर्ष, और ह्वेनसांग का प्रसिद्ध भारत-वृत्तांत।

मध्यकालीन भारत

लगभग 750 – 1200 ईस्वी पूर्व-मध्यकालीन भारत: चोल, राजपूत व त्रिपक्षीय संघर्ष पाल, प्रतिहार व राष्ट्रकूट कन्नौज हेतु संघर्षरत; चोलों का सागर पर प्रभुत्व; राजपूत राज्यों का उदय — फिर गजनी व गोरी का आगमन। 1206 – 1526 ईस्वी दिल्ली सल्तनत मामलूक से लोदी तक पाँच राजवंश — अलाउद्दीन खलजी के सुधार, तुगलक के प्रयोग, और इंडो-इस्लामिक स्थापत्य। 1336 – 1646 ईस्वी विजयनगर व बहमनी राज्य दक्कन के महान प्रतिद्वंद्वी — कृष्णदेवराय का विजयनगर और बहमनी सल्तनतें, तालीकोटा (1565) व हम्पी के पतन तक। लगभग 8वीं – 17वीं सदी ईस्वी भक्ति व सूफी आंदोलन भक्ति — विरोध व समन्वय: आलवार व नायनार, कबीर, नानक, मीरा व चैतन्य, और चिश्ती व सुहरावर्दी सूफी। 1526 – 1707 ईस्वी मुगल साम्राज्य बाबर से औरंगज़ेब तक — अकबर का सुलह-ए-कुल व मनसबदारी, शाहजहाँ के स्मारक, और चरम पर साम्राज्य। 1674 – 1818 ईस्वी मराठा साम्राज्य शिवाजी के स्वराज्य से पेशवाओं के संघ तक — आंग्ल-मराठा युद्धों से पूर्व भारत-व्यापी एक शक्ति। 1707 – 1757 ईस्वी उत्तर-मुगल, क्षेत्रीय राज्य व यूरोपीय औरंगज़ेब के बाद मुगल पतन, नादिरशाह का दिल्ली-आक्रमण, उत्तराधिकारी राज्यों का उदय, और व्यापारिक कंपनियों की होड़।

आधुनिक भारत का आरंभ

1757 – 1857 ईस्वी ब्रिटिश विस्तार: प्लासी से विद्रोह तक प्लासी व बक्सर से सर्वोच्चता तक — कंपनी विजय, आर्थिक निष्कासन, आरंभिक सामाजिक सुधार, और 1857 की ओर।

आधुनिक भारत — वर्ष-दर-वर्ष

समकालीन भारत

2014–2026Digital public goods, big-bang laws and India on the global stage.
2026 Being researched 2025 Being researched 2024 Being researched 2023 Being researched 2022 Being researched 2021 Being researched 2020 Being researched 2019 Being researched 2018 Being researched 2017 Being researched 2016 Being researched 2015 Being researched 2014 Being researched

सुधार, अधिकार और विकास

2000–2013High growth, the rights era (RTI, RTE, MGNREGA) and a connected India.
2013 Being researched 2012 Being researched 2011 Being researched 2010 Being researched 2009 Being researched 2008 Being researched 2007 Being researched 2006 Being researched 2005 Being researched 2004 Being researched 2003 Being researched 2002 Being researched 2001 Being researched 2000 Being researched

उदारीकरण

1991–1999The 1991 reforms open the economy; a new middle class and a nuclear India.
1999 Being researched 1998 Being researched 1997 Being researched 1996 Being researched 1995 Being researched 1994 Being researched 1993 Being researched 1992 Being researched 1991 Being researched

गठबंधन, उग्रवाद और बदलाव

1978–1990Mandal, Punjab and Kashmir, and the slow exhaustion of the old economy.
1990 Being researched 1989 Being researched 1988 Being researched 1987 Being researched 1986 Being researched 1985 Being researched 1984 Being researched 1983 Being researched 1982 Being researched 1981 Being researched 1980 Being researched 1979 Being researched 1978 Being researched

युद्ध, हरित क्रांति और आपातकाल

1965–1977Food self-sufficiency, the 1971 war and a constitutional crisis.
1977 Being researched 1976 Being researched 1975 Being researched 1974 Being researched 1973 Being researched 1972 Being researched 1971 Being researched 1970 Being researched 1969 Being researched 1968 Being researched 1967 Being researched 1966 Being researched 1965 Being researched

गणतंत्र और नेहरू युग

1950–1964A Constitution, planned development, non-alignment and institution-building.
1964 Being researched 1963 Being researched 1962 Being researched 1961 Being researched 1960 Being researched 1959 Being researched 1958 Being researched 1957 Being researched 1956 Being researched 1955 Being researched 1954 Being researched 1953 Being researched 1952 Being researched 1951 Being researched 1950 Being researched

स्वतंत्रता और एकीकरण

1947–1949Freedom, Partition and the welding of 565 princely states into a Union.
1949 Being researched 1948 Being researched 1947 Being researched

गांधी युग और जनसंघर्ष

1920–1946Non-Cooperation, the Salt March and Quit India drive the road to freedom.
1946 Being researched 1945 Being researched 1944 Being researched 1943 Being researched 1942 Being researched 1941 Being researched 1940 Being researched 1939 Being researched 1938 Being researched 1937 Being researched 1936 Being researched 1935 Being researched 1934 Being researched 1933 Being researched 1932 Being researched 1931 Being researched 1930 Being researched 1929 Being researched 1928 Being researched 1927 Being researched 1926 Being researched 1925 Being researched 1924 Being researched 1923 Being researched 1922 Being researched 1921 Being researched 1920 Being researched

स्वदेशी और होम रूल

1905–1919Bengal’s partition sparks Swadeshi; the Extremists and Home Rule stir mass politics.
1919 Being researched 1918 Being researched 1917 Being researched 1916 Being researched 1915 Being researched 1914 Being researched 1913 Being researched 1912 Being researched 1911 Being researched 1910 Being researched 1909 Being researched 1908 Being researched 1907 Being researched 1906 Being researched 1905 Being researched

आरंभिक राष्ट्रवाद

1885–1904The Indian National Congress and the Moderates press for representation.
1904 Being researched 1903 Being researched 1902 Being researched 1901 Being researched 1900 Being researched 1899 Being researched 1898 Being researched 1897 Being researched 1896 Being researched 1895 Being researched 1894 Being researched 1893 Being researched 1892 Being researched 1891 Being researched 1890 Being researched 1889 Being researched 1888 Being researched 1887 Being researched 1886 Being researched 1885 Being researched

विद्रोह और ताज का शासन

1857–1884The 1857 uprising ends Company rule; the Crown takes charge and reform stirs.
1884 Being researched 1883 Being researched 1882 Being researched 1881 Being researched 1880 Being researched 1879 Being researched 1878 Being researched 1877 Being researched 1876 Being researched 1875 Being researched 1874 Being researched 1873 Being researched 1872 Being researched 1871 Being researched 1870 Being researched 1869 Being researched 1868 Being researched 1867 Being researched 1866 Being researched 1865 Being researched 1864 Being researched 1863 Being researched 1862 Being researched 1861 Being researched 1860 Being researched 1859 Being researched 1858 Being researched 1857 Being researched

Each year's digest is researched by a multi-model AI editorial board and cross-checked. Bills and Acts are drawn from our live BillTracker. Corrections welcome.